Everyone has probably seen what a pine cone looks like. Brown, woody, larger than a walnut. Under the old pines you can see a lot of dry, loose cones with protruding scales.
Flowers at Scotch pine does not happen - it never blooms. But she has strobiles: male - microstrobils and female - megastrobils. Cones are called infructescences with seeds collected in them.
The life of a pine cone begins with the formation of a small, millet-sized, red ball. This is what a pine germ looks like when it is only a few days old. Such an embryo appears at the end of spring, when young shoots begin to form on the tree from the buds. At first, these shoots do not yet have pine needles (needles). Instead of them, one can see peculiar short stumps, which are whitish processes pointed at the ends. At the top of this shoot is a small bump. In some cases there are 2 of them. Finding such a bump is extremely difficult - it is barely noticeable. But even if they notice it, they hardly guess what it is. It never occurs to anyone that this little germ is the big bump in the future.
How young pine cones develop
During the summer, the Scotch pine cone grows and by autumn it already becomes green, reaches the size of a pea. In this stage, it remains throughout the winter. With the onset of spring, its development continues further. Fertility becomes much larger. The size of a pine cone at this time is 2.5-7 cm. And at the end of summer it reaches its adult size (8-10 cm in length and 3-4 cm in width). By next winter she becomes Brown, quite mature, but not disclosed. Her scales are also tightly pressed, so the seeds cannot yet get enough sleep. They can do this only on their third spring, the snow has already melted, and the days have become dry and sunny. The seedlings begin to dry out, as a result of which their scales protrude and the winged seeds fly out into the wild.
Scotch pine cones
The tree begins to bear fruit by the age of 15-30. You can notice this by the appearance of small reddish bumps. These are the female cones of Scotch pine. Such a bump consists of a rod (axis) with scales located on it. On them lie unprotected, one might say, naked (hence the name "gymnosperms") ovules in which eggs are formed.
Male and female pine cones
The structure of male pine cones: the main axis with scales located on it. The underside of each scale has 2 pollen sacs. Pollen matures in these sacs, where sperm are later formed - male germ cells. After fertilization, the male seed soon dies off.
As you know, fertilization occurs only a year after the pollen from the male cone falls on the female. During all this time, the pollen that fell on the ovules was at rest. And only a year later, it germinates, forming a pollen tube that carries sperm to the archegonia. As a result, one merges with the egg. The embryo then develops from the zygote. And the ovules turn into seeds. The embryo itself is located in the tissue of the female gametophyte, where by this time a lot of nutrients. This tissue is also called the primary endosperm. The seed is covered with a hard peel, under which there is a thin film. The film and peel are formed from the tissue of the ovule. They are diploid. The endosperm, as the vegetative component of the gametophyte, is haploid, and the embryo is diploid. At the end of the next winter, a mature female cone will turn brown and reach 4-6 cm.
A mature pine cone is ovoid-conical in shape. It has a ripened seed with a transparent wing. With the spreading of the scales of the female cone, it becomes clear that the seeds are located in pairs on top of the scales. Thickenings of gray color are clearly visible on the scales - a kind of rhomboid-shaped shields with 4-6 faces that are bent down. Each seed has a wing that is needed to be carried by the wind.
Size, structure, density of pine cones and their difference from spruce, larch
It turns out that not every person will be able to distinguish cones from different conifers. It would seem that they should be the same, but in fact, all the seedlings of coniferous trees differ from each other.
Pine seedlings hanging, located on a short handle, one or more pieces. Their shape is cylindrical. 8-10 cm long, 3-4 cm wide. The scales are hard, woody. Apophyses have a vaulted-convex shape. At the top is a convex blunt navel.
The spruce cone is formed by covering scales, which are arranged spirally, in their axils there are 2 ovules. The shape is oblong-cylindrical, pointed. A mature cone is hanging, dry, woody or leathery. Length - up to 15 cm, width 3-4 cm.
The infructescence of larch is round, ovoid, it can be almost cylindrical. Unlike spruce and pine, its seed is firmly attached to the wing.
In addition to the shape and structure, the difference between pine and spruce cones, as well as larch, lies in their maturation. If pine cones are “ready” only in the second year, then spruce and larches ripen in the year of flowering.
They also differ in density. Pine is heavier than spruce. So, a bucket of spruce cones weighs about 5 kg, then pine cones 5-7 kg. On average, the density of a pine cone is about 600 kg/m3.
When to collect pine cones?
When to collect pine cones depends on the purpose of the collection. In the spring, after fertilization, the male cone dies, as well as the female "copies" of the second year of life, which released the seeds. Such "spread" can be collected throughout the summer. However, except for children's crafts and for decorative purposes, they can not be used anywhere else. Although recently quite often there are ads with sales of pine cones ... bags. It turns out that they are used in landscape gardening for mulching trees, all the same coniferous forms. By the way, in the old days samovars were heated with pine cones.
But there is more useful application cones. IN traditional medicine young pine cones have been used for a long time. The resin contained in them makes the cones effective for the treatment of colds, bronchitis, joint diseases and even stroke. For these purposes, they cook honey, jam, tinctures, balms.
For medical purposes, small, resinous, green cones are used. For jam, you need to take those bumps that are easily pierced with a fingernail or cut with a knife. As a rule, their length reaches 1-4 cm. You can start collecting them from mid-May and the entire first decade of June. From such young green cones, honey turns out to be a surprisingly beautiful raspberry color. It has almost the same consistency as natural. If the spring is cold and late, with prolonged frosts and long snowmelt, then the collection of cones can be slightly extended. Conversely, with a warm spring, it is better to finish it in early June.
Application of pine cones: ideas and photos
As you know, mulching is necessary to restore the unprotected soil surface, as well as to hide its defects. Lately, it's very common to see Pine cones under the trees in the garden. The advantage of such mulching is not only the naturalness of the material, but also high decorative and aesthetic characteristics. In addition, natural natural material increases the physico-chemical parameters of the upper soil layer, and also activates the development of microorganisms useful for trees. Due to its porous structure, this mulch maintains an optimal level of humidity even during dry periods. Pine cones, as a natural material, provide the necessary temperature regime: in winter they protect the soil from hypothermia, and in summer time- from the negative effects of the sun and overheating. Mulching with pine material evens out daily temperature fluctuations in autumn and spring, and also delays the growth of weeds. The soil under such material breathes, passes
water and air. Natural mulch regulates the acidity of the soil, enriches it with oxygen.
In general, mulch made from cones of coniferous trees has a lot of useful properties:
- Aesthetically beautiful appearance of the site;
- Resistant to decay and mold formation;
- Since pines do not contain allergens, the mulching material is also hypoallergenic;
- Mulch has antibacterial properties: woodworms do not live in it. Therefore, there is no need to chemically treat the mulching material, as it is necessary to do when mulching with materials of other tree species;
- Contains antioxidants - substances that contribute to the body's fight against aging and the occurrence of various kinds of diseases, which is especially characteristic in conditions of radiation, stress and polluted environment;
- Contains natural flavonoids. Once in the respiratory tract, these substances prevent the occurrence of colds and viral diseases.
In addition to mulching and medicinal uses, pine cones can serve as an amazing material for room design, crafts, and more.
A photo of pine cones clearly demonstrates their singularity and beauty. It is necessary to use only a little imagination and pine "spread" will take its rightful place in the house, garden, in the country. You can use them most different ways. You can even divide into separate small petals and make some kind of composition. And you can use the cones as a whole. However, it does not necessarily have to be christmas composition. There are many options, the possibilities can only be limited by the imagination.
They can decorate candlesticks, mirrors, paintings, make panels and other compositions. It is better to attach cone specimens with reliable glue, since the material is quite specific. You can simply cover the bumps with paint or "silver". That's how you get amazing new Year decoration. The same specimens look great in the garden as decorations. And sometimes they simply heat fireplaces in country houses.
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§ 22. Gymnosperms
The presence of seeds creates a huge advantage for these plants over spore ones. Unlike spores, seeds have a supply of nutrients, and the embryo of the future plant, located inside the seed, is well protected from adverse conditions. Rice. 75. Cypress The leaves of most conifers are narrow, needle-like - the so-called needles. Some species, such as cypress, have scaly leaves. The needles have a dense skin covered with a waxy substance, so the plants evaporate little water and are well adapted to adverse conditions. Coniferous plants are widespread in our country. Pine photophilous (Fig. 76). In dry pine forests (pine forests) it is always light. There are tall, slender, like columns, trees, on which the branches remained only near the tops, so they let in a lot of light. And on open places spreading pines. Rice. 76. Pines Pines are unpretentious. They can be found on the sands, in the swamps, in the chalk mountains and even on bare rocks, in the cracks of which they take root. In pines growing on dense soils, the main root is well developed and goes deep. In pines growing on sandy soils, in addition to the main root, lateral roots develop near the soil surface. They diverge far away from the tree trunk. On swampy soils in pines, the main root develops poorly. In the spring, on young branches, you can see small cones of two types. Some of them, greenish-yellow, are collected in close groups at the bases of young shoots. These are the so-called male cones. Others, reddish, solitary, are female cones. They are found at the top of young branches. The female cones grow and become woody. First they turn green, then brown. After two years, seeds spill out of the cones. In most species of pine, they have membranous wings, thanks to which they can be spread by the wind. Young pine branches bear small scaly brown leaves, in the axils of which very short shoots sit. On each of these shoots, Scotch pine develops two bluish-green needle-shaped leaves, that is, two needles. The needles live for 2-3 years, and then fall off along with a short shoot. Therefore, the fallen needles are connected in two. Under favorable conditions, pines reach 30-40 m in height and live up to 350-400 years. Spruce differs from pine not only appearance(Fig. 77). Spruce is a shade-tolerant breed; in a dense forest, even the lowest branches are preserved in it. Rice. 77. Coniferous plants Spruce forests in our country occupy vast areas. Twilight reigns in them, dense crowns of trees close together here. There is no undergrowth under the trees and very little grass. Only green mosses or a solid litter of fallen needles cover the soil. Spruce grows well only on nutrient-rich, well-moistened soil. The main root of spruce is poorly developed. Lateral roots are located in the surface layers of the soil, so the wind sometimes knocks down spruce trees, pulling them out with their roots. The crown of the spruce is pyramidal in shape. Short and pointed needles of spruce sit singly, remaining on the branches for 5-7 years. In spruce, two types of cones are also formed - male and female. Violet-red or greenish young female cones, appearing at the ends of last year's shoots, stick up vertically. Mature cones hang down, they ripen in late autumn in the first year of life. After sowing the seeds, they fall off. Spruce seed is winged. Male cones, located below the female ones, are yellowish-brown in color. Spruce lives up to 250 years, reaching a height of 40 meters. Larch widespread in our country, especially in Siberia (Fig. 77). This is a very photophilous and cold-resistant breed. It can grow on dry sands, stony and marshy soils. Larch needles are light green, soft, not having a dense skin. Among the coniferous trees of our country, only larch sheds its needles every year. She lives up to 400-500 years, reaching 30 m in height and 2 m in diameter. Juniper- a small tree or shrub (see Fig. 77). Grows in spruce and pine forests. Leaves are needle-like. The scales of female cones are fleshy, juicy, grow together, forming a cone that ripens for two years. Juniper grows slowly, but is very durable, lives up to 2 thousand years. At present, it has become a rarity in our forests and needs protection. The structure of needles and cones of conifers
Coniferous plants emit special volatile substances - phytoncides (from the Greek words "phyton" - a plant and "cido" - I kill), which suppress the development of many harmful bacteria not only in the forest, but also in its environs. In the taiga of our country, larch forests occupy the largest area, followed by pine and spruce forests. Larch wood is particularly strong and durable, it is resistant to decay. Pine and spruce wood is used as a valuable building and ornamental material. By using chemical processing artificial fibers similar to silk threads are obtained from pine wood. Paper is made from spruce wood. Wood gymnosperms- a valuable raw material for many industries. Siberian pine is called cedar in Siberia, although real cedars grow only in the mountains of North Africa, in the east of the Mediterranean and in the Himalayas. Good edible cedar oil is obtained from Siberian pine seeds. New conceptsQuestions
ThinkWhy are many sanatoriums and rest homes located in pine forests, and coniferous plants are planted on the territory of medical institutions? Quests for the curious
Do you know that...Rice. 78. Ginkgo biloba This plant is called a living fossil, as its closest relatives died out tens of millions of years ago. Ginkgo biloba is a tall (up to 30 m) deciduous tree, currently found in the wild only in the mountains of Western China. Ginkgo is used for landscaping southern cities, including in our country. The inhabitants of the countries of the East have long been using fried ginkgo seeds for food. In folk medicine, a decoction of ginkgo leaves was widely used for diseases of the brain vessels. Currently medicinal properties ginkgo is recognized as official medicine, preparations from it can be bought at pharmacies. Tasks |
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how male and female pine cones are arranged.. . help me please...
Alexey Khoroshev
In gymnosperms, for example, in pine, spruce, male and female cones are formed. The male cones are clustered in close clusters at the base of the shoots developing this year. Female cones sit singly, first at the top of the shoot, and then, due to the growth of the shoot, are at its base. The male cone consists of scales closely seated on its axis. Two sporangia are located on the lower surface of the scales. Inside the sporangium, a huge number of spores (dust particles) develop by reduction division. The content of each dust grain consists of a dense plasma and a nucleus. The dust grain is dressed in a shell that forms two bubble mesh air sacs. This device contributes to the spread of dust particles spilled out of a burst anther by the wind. A speck of dust grows into a male growth. At the same time, its nucleus divides, and two rapidly deteriorating cells and two cells that last longer are formed - a larger vegetative and a smaller antheridial one. In such a two-celled state, a dust particle is carried by the wind and falls on the surface of the female cone, where the fertilization process takes place.
The female cone consists of small covering scales, in the axils of which large fleshy seed scales develop. At the base of the latter, on their inner (upper) side, there are two oval ovules. At the top of the ovule there is a small hole - the pollen inlet. In the ovule, one of the cells, which stands out in large sizes, divides by reduction, resulting in the formation of four spores. Three of them die, and the fourth begins to divide. As a result of repeated division of the cells formed in this case, a female outgrowth is formed, which occupies the middle of the ovule. Two small archegoniums of a very simplified structure with small necks are formed on the outgrowth, each of which contains one egg. If we now cut the ovule lengthwise, we can see that the outgrowth is surrounded by the contents of the ovule (nucellus), which, in turn, is dressed in the ovule cover. Only a small hole remained at the top - the pollen entrance. A speck of dust carried by the wind to the top of the ovule gets through it. It is drawn into the ovule, where it germinates the next summer. The dust grain forms a pollen tube that penetrates into the nucellus and grows towards the neck of one of the archegoniums. At the same time, the antheridial cell divides into two. One of the formed cells is further destroyed, and the other (generative cell) increases in size, divides and forms two germ cells - male gametes, or spermatozoa, which do not have flagella.
However, it should be noted that older gymnosperms (ginko and cycads) have motile spermatozoa. This indicates their origin from fern-like plants.
Upon reaching the archegonium, the pollen tube bursts, and one of the sperm enters the archegonium and fuses with the egg. Fertilization occurs and a zygote is formed. The other sperm soon dies off. From the zygote, the embryo of a new plant is formed, which feeds on the reserve substances of the cells of the female outgrowth (endosperm). The ovule now becomes a seed. The seed is dressed in a dense peel, into which the cover of the ovule has turned. Seeds ripen by autumn. They sit at the base of the scales of the cone. By autumn, in the second year of its existence, the cone grows. From green it becomes brown, the scales dry up, diverge, the seeds fall out and scatter. Once in favorable conditions, the seeds germinate and develop into new plants.
The asexual generation predominates in the development cycle of pine, as well as in ferns. The sexual generation here is even more simply arranged. At the same time, it has lost the ability to live independently and develops inside the tissues of the asexual generation (the female outgrowth is inside the ovule, and the male outgrowth is inside the dust grain).
How are male and female pine cones arranged?
nadiezhda
If the female cones are at the top of the young shoot, then the male ones are at the base. Unlike female, male pine cones are smaller, oval shape, yellow in color and concentrated in close groups.
The structure of male pine cones: the main axis with scales located on it. The underside of each scale has 2 pollen sacs. Pollen matures in these sacs, where sperm are later formed - male germ cells. After fertilization, the male seed soon dies off.
As you know, fertilization occurs only a year after the pollen from the male cone falls on the female. During all this time, the pollen that fell on the ovules was at rest. And only a year later, it germinates, forming a pollen tube that carries sperm to the archegonia. As a result, one merges with the egg. The embryo then develops from the zygote. And the ovules turn into seeds. The embryo itself is located in the tissue of the female gametophyte, where many nutrients have been accumulated by this time. This tissue is also called the primary endosperm. The seed is covered with a hard peel, under which there is a thin film. The film and peel are formed from the tissue of the ovule. They are diploid. The endosperm, as the vegetative component of the gametophyte, is haploid, and the embryo is diploid. At the end of the next winter, a mature female cone will turn brown and reach 4-6 cm.
A mature pine cone is ovoid-conical in shape. It has a ripened seed with a transparent wing. With the spreading of the scales of the female cone, it becomes clear that the seeds are located in pairs on top of the scales. Thickenings of gray color are clearly visible on the scales - a kind of rhomboid-shaped shields with 4-6 faces that are bent down. Each seed has a wing that is needed to be carried by the wind.
Pine seedlings hanging, located on a short handle, one or more pieces. Their shape is cylindrical. 8-10 cm long, 3-4 cm wide. The scales are hard, woody. Apophyses have a vaulted-convex shape. At the top is a convex blunt navel.
Even a person far from construction sometimes thinks - What is better, larch, pine, spruce, fir or cedar? Even just walking in the woods. Well, for those who plan to build a house for themselves, or start working in a team, it goes without saying that you should know these differences.
Larch
The mechanical properties of this tree and the incredible resistance to decay put it on a par with oak. The internal structure of larch wood looks quite colorful - annual rings are clear, dark, which allows it to be used both for construction and for finishing and decorative work. Larch is very resinous, and this can interfere with the coloring of furniture from it. To do this, hardwood furniture is always deresined before painting.Pine
The resin content of this breed is quite high. If pine lumber was dried under the influence elevated temperatures, then the resin has come to the surface and is removed by gouging. Pine wood is soft, light, resistant to rot, has a pronounced texture pattern, annual rings are clearly visible.Spruce
Spruce in many ways resembles pine in its properties - lightness, softness, but the color of spruce wood is darker than that of pine and annual rings are located more narrowly. Spruce is usually used to make lumber, timber, hidden furniture elements.Fir
It is much rarer than all other conifers. This is the reason for its higher cost. It is even lighter than spruce, just as soft, but contains virtually no resin. For this reason, it easily begins to rot and does not shine.Cedar
It differs in the color of wood - it is slightly pinkish in cedar, very beautiful in appearance. Cedar is quite soft, not resinous, so it is used to make both decorative elements of the interior and lumber for various purposes. 
Seeds Korean cedar (pinus koraiensis)
Korean cedar, or Manchurian cedar, or Korean pine, Also Korean cedar pine(lat. Pinus coraiensis) - conifer tree, one of the species of the genus Pine, growing in eastern Asia, in northeast China, in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, in the southeast of the Amur Region, in Korea and in central Japan
The crown of the Korean cedar is powerful, rather dense, in young trees it is round-ovoid, in old age it is oblong-cylindrical, fan-shaped or reverse-conical, and in overmature trees it is usually multi-topped. There are a number of assumptions about the reasons causing the appearance of several peaks on the Korean cedar: the biological fitness of this breed to ensure abundant yields of cones, breaking off the tops of the Himalayan bear, breaking off the fragile tops with a large load of cones in years of abundant seed harvests, etc. The bark of the trunks is brown-gray with reddish shade, scaly, until old age remains relatively thin.
root system Korean cedar consists of an underdeveloped tap root and numerous lateral superficial roots lying in the soil at a depth of up to 1 m. Such roots provide good stability of the cedar, therefore its windiness is rarely observed, and then only among overmature and very large trees.
Young shoots are pubescent with red hairs. Korean cedar needles 8-12 cm long, trihedral, with rough-toothed ribs, sits in bunches of 5 pieces, keeps on branches for 2-4 years.
The cost of Korean cedar seeds -
100 rubles / 10 pieces, 200 rubles / 40 pieces, 300 rubles / 70 pieces
Seeds Siberian cedar (pinus sibirica)
Pine Siberian cedar, or Siberian cedar (lat. Pinus sibirica) - one of the species of the genus Pine; evergreen tree, reaching 35-44 m in height and 2 m in trunk diameter. Maximum life span - 500 years
The Siberian cedar is distinguished by a dense, often multi-topped crown with thick branches. The trunk is brown-gray, in old trees it forms a fissured scaly bark. Branching is whorled. shoots last year brown, covered with long red hairs.
The needles are dark green with a bluish bloom, 6-14 centimeters long, soft, triangular in section, slightly serrated, grows in bunches, five needles in a bunch.
The root system consists of a short tap root, from which lateral roots extend. The latter end in small root hairs, at the ends of which mycorrhiza develops. On well-drained, especially light-textured soils with a short taproot (up to 40-50 centimeters), the tree develops powerful anchor roots that penetrate to a depth of 2-3 meters. Anchor roots together with basal paws provide stability to the trunk and crown.
The growing season is very short (40-45 days a year). For this reason, it is classified as a slow-growing breed. Another consequence is a straight, even trunk. The tree belongs to the shade-tolerant species.
The cost of Siberian Cedar seeds -
200 rubles / 50 pieces, 300 rubles / 200 pieces, 500 rubles / 500 pieces, 800 rubles / 1200 pieces
Weymouth pine seeds (pinus strobus)
weymouth pine- Pinus strobus - a tree of the pine family. The trunk is straight, tall, at home, in North America, reaches a height of 60 m and diameters up to 150 cm. Young branches are bare, with soft bluish-green needles (length 5-10 cm), sitting in bunches of 5 pieces and remaining on the branches for 2-3 years. Cones are narrow-cylindrical (length 8-16 cm), sit 1-3 on long legs, ripen in the summer on the 2nd year after flowering and open in the fall. V. s. begins to bear fruit from the age of 25, sometimes earlier. Prefers fresh sandy and loamy soils, where it grows rapidly, overtaking Scots pine, spruce and Siberian larch. On dry and poor soils, it grows worse than these breeds. Relatively shade-tolerant and wind-resistant, does not suffer from snow pile-up. Tolerates frosts from -30 to -40°C. Often damaged by blister rust. In Europe, it has been bred since the 17th century. In the USSR, it is cultivated as a forest and ornamental species in the western and central regions of the European part.
The cost of Weymouth pine seeds
Yellow pine seeds (Ponderosa benthamiana pine)
Pine yellow - ponderosa pine - different from the typical form large sizes generative organs, for example; cones up to 15 cm long. The length and wing of the seed is up to 2.5 cm, longer and thinner needles up to 25 (30) cm, red pollen, red-brown shoots and highly resinous buds. It can reach 80 m in height and 4 m in trunk diameter.
A tree 20-60 m high, the average growth of trees usually does not exceed 40-50 m. The trunk diameter is 1-2 m. The crown is pyramidal in youth, in adulthood oval, broadly oval in exposed areas, often open. The branches are few, strong, at the ends arcuately bent upwards. The bark is 8-10 cm thick, almost black, with deep cracks, red-brown in the depths of the furrows. Terminal cones, 4-6 pcs. collected in whorls, 8-12 cm long, purple in the juvenile phase, mature brown, dull. The needles are very long, up to 20 cm long and 1.8-2.2 mm thick, dense, collected in threes (three-needle pine) together.
Decorative dark green crown, long, densely gathered needles at the ends of the shoots. Drought-resistant and heat-resistant, photophilous. Grows well in light loamy soils. Does not tolerate raw heavy soils. In the area it withstands temperatures down to -40 C. It deserves wider distribution as a highly decorative culture.
The cost of Ponderosa pine seeds - 200 rubles / 40 pieces, 500 rubles / 120 pieces, 990 rubles / 300 pieces
Scotch pine (pinus sylvestris) seeds
Scotch pine - Pinus sylvestris - a pine tree is one of the most valuable coniferous species in our country. Reaching 35-40 m in height, it belongs to the trees of the first magnitude. The circumference of the trunk reaches 1 m. It is covered with reddish-brown, with grooves, exfoliating bark. At the base of the trunk, the bark is much thicker than the one at the top. Such an "idea" of nature has a protective function, protecting the tree from overheating and ground fire.
In pines that grow in closed forest stands, the trunk is more slender with an openwork crown. While the tree is young, the crown has a conical shape. With age, it rounds, becomes wider, and in old age it acquires a flat or umbrella-shaped shape. pine needles has a bluish green color. It is quite dense, often sticking out, curved, collected in bunches of 2 needles. Length 4-7 cm. The needles are pointed, slightly flattened, have a thin longitudinal stripe. Needles live 3 years. In autumn, more often in September, part of the needles fall off. Before this, the needles acquire yellow, from which the crown looks variegated.
Cones are located singly or 2-3 pieces on the legs lowered down. The immature cone is conical in shape and dark green in color. Sometimes a brownish tinge may be present. Pine cones ripen in the second year. Ripe buds become brown or brown. The length is 3-6 cm, the width is 2-3 cm.
Pine is a coniferous tree that prepares for the winter period in a peculiar way. After all, evaporation at a "minus" temperature is detrimental to the plant, at the same time, the needles remained on the branches. The plant copes with this quite simply: with the onset of cold weather, a thin layer of wax falls on the needles, the stomata close, therefore, breathing stops.
This species of conifers is widespread in Siberia and Europe. Forms pine forests on sandy or sandy loamy soil, can be found on peaty and very rarely on clay soil. This is a widespread tree of Eurasia. It can be found from Spain and Great Britain east to the river. Aldan and R. Cupid in Siberia. In the north, the tree grows to Lapland, and in the south it is found in China and Mongolia. It forms both pure stands and together with other conifers, oak, birch and aspen. The plant is undemanding to soil conditions and very often grows in areas unsuitable for other species: sands, swamps.
Scotch pine seed cost - 200 rubles / 30 pieces, 400 rubles / 100 pieces
Seeds of Bosnian pine (Belokoroy) or Heidrech pine (Pinus heldreichii)
Bosnian pine - heydrech pine - whitebark pine - pinus heldreichii - pinus leucodermis - the species is named after the German-Greek biologist and botanist Theodor Heldreich. In culture since 1851, mountains in the south-east of Europe are considered to be their homeland. It is found in the Balkan Mountains, in southern Italy (the symbol of the Pollino National Park), in the Bosnian Mountains, in Bulgaria, Macedonia, Albania, Serbia. It grows at an altitude of 900-2500 m above sea level, often reaching the alpine forest line. Long-lived. The oldest tree was found in Bulgaria, its age is over 1300 years.
A species of coniferous plants from the genus of the Pine family. Tree up to 20 (25-35) m in height and 4.5-8.5 m in width, trunk diameter up to 2 m. At the age of 40 years it reaches 9 m in height. Crown from narrow-cone-shaped to wide-spreading, low-drooping, dwarf-shaped. The tree is slow growing, annual growth is 20-25 cm in height and 10 cm in width. At the age of 15, height growth slows down significantly. root system deep, growing well. The bark of old trees is ash-gray, lamellar. On young branches, after the needles fall off, rhombic large leaf pads remain, which cover the branches in the form of a shell (which is why the pine was called "armored").
Needles dense, but less dense than black pine, long, 6-12 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, light green in color, crowded at the ends, collected 2 in a bunch.
cones solitary or 2 (sometimes 3), ovoid, 7-8 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter, yellowish to brown. The scutes are almost flat with a slightly convex umbilicus. Seeds elliptical, 6-7 mm long, wing 2.2-3 cm long.
The cost of Bosnian pine seeds - 200 rubles / 10 pieces
Bunge pine seeds (bungeana pine)
Bunge pine - pinus bungeana - lacebark pine - this type of pine, according to the Feng Shui tradition, symbolizes nobility and inseparable integrity: nobility - because the tree has always been associated with the image of the ruler, and integrity - because it does not give up under the onslaught of winter and remains unchanged in adversity. The Chinese writer Li Liwen once compared a garden without a mature pine tree to a flock of pretty women without a man to inspire them to shine.
Bunge pine tolerates cold weather very well; usually not tall and often bushy in shape, making it an ornamental species (particularly suitable near a rock garden) or the center of a small to medium sized garden. The tree is native to the northwestern regions of China; reaches 10-15 m (30-50 ft) in height and 5-6 m (15-20 ft) in crown diameter; has dark green needles, collected in a bundle of three. It has pale yellow flowers and brown egg-shaped cones about 5-7 cm (2-3 inches) long. The bark of the tree is unusual: a mixture of smooth gray-green and yellow-brown, the latter, exfoliating, reveals white spots that successively change color to yellow, pale green, olive, reddish-brown, purple and crimson (the whole range of "integrity", according to feng shui).
Seeds are dipped into the ground in March; seedlings are planted a year later, in the spring, and create gentle conditions for them before (after two or three years) they are planted in a place of permanent growth. This is another breed that is highlighted by the feng shui tradition for its particularly auspicious energy given to the garden. The taller species of pine are, of course, found in almost every forest in the world, but at heights up to 40 m (130 ft), they are hardly suitable for a medium-sized garden.
The cost of Bunge pine seeds - 200 rubles / 5 pieces, 300 rubles / 10 pieces
Yunnanensis pine seeds
Pinus YUNNANENSIS or Yunnan Pine - one of the most beautiful and majestic representatives of the coniferous Pine family.
Yunnan pine is an evergreen coniferous tree 10-15 m tall, usually conical with a flat crown. The bark is red and thin, scaly. The trunk at the base is brown, furrowed and divided into thick plates. Leaves (needles) are bright green with a reddish tint, thin and hanging down, 3 in a bunch, occasionally 2, 20-30 cm long. Cones about 9 cm long, red-brown, usually in groups of 3.
Yunnan pine grows only in China on the Yunnan Plateau at an altitude of 600 to 3000 meters above sea level. temperature and rest period: Tolerates a drop to -35ºС. When kept indoors, it needs a cool wintering + 0 ... + 12ºС, if it is not possible to provide such a temperature, move the pine tree closer to the window on the coldest windowsill.
The cost of Yunnanensis pine seeds - 300 rubles / 5 pieces, 400 rubles / 10 pieces
Mountain pine seeds
European dwarf pine, or Zherep, or mountain pine- Pinus mugo Pumilio - coniferous plant, tree or shrub; species of the genus Pine (Pinus) of the Pine family (Pinaceae).
Shrub with rising trunks or one trunk. The crown is pin-shaped or creeping with many trunks. The bark is gray-brownish, scaly, exfoliates in uneven plates. Young shoots are light green, later brown (dark brown), glabrous.
Kidneys elongated-ovoid, pointed, 6 mm long, brown, resinous. The needles are dense, slightly twisted and often curved, dark green, 3-4 cm long, 1.5-2 mm wide.
Cones are single or collected in 2-3 pieces, sessile or on short petioles, 2-7 cm long, 1.5-2 cm in diameter, ripen in the spring of the third year. Directed up, sideways or down. The seeds are small, dark.[
The plant is used to cover slopes, slopes, and create protective plantings.
Wood with a red-brown heart, resinous, strong and elastic, used for carpentry and turning.
The seeds contain up to 30% thick, fast-drying fatty oil.
In Hungary, Tyrol and Switzerland, from young shoots and cones, when distilled with water, they get "Hungarian turpentine", or "Hungarian balsam"
The cost of seeds of Mountain Pumilio pine - 100 rubles / 10 pieces, 200 rubles / 25 pieces
Pine dwarf seeds (Pinus Pumila)
Cedar elfin (elfin, creeping cedar, stlanets) - pinus pumila -, like cedar, belongs to conifers from the pine family. Creeping shrub or creeping shrub-like tree up to 3-4 m tall. Dwarf is widespread in the north and enters the forest-tundra. It grows from Lake Baikal and the Lena River to the Sea of Okhotsk, in Kamchatka, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, forming dense thickets, especially in the lower reaches of the Amur and on the coast of Okhotsk. Cedar elfin is very winter-hardy. Undemanding to soils. It grows slowly, forms a superficial root system.
The needles are rather rigid, 4-8 cm long, collected in bunches of 5 pieces. The fruit is cones arranged in groups, small, 4 cm long, with small nut-seeds. The seeds are edible, small, they are used, as well as pine nuts, fresh. They contain high quality fatty oil. Pine elfin is an important source of vitamin C, which is extracted from its needles.
Propagated by seeds. In the north it is of great economic importance - it is a protective, decorative and food breed. Pine elfin serves to strengthen mountain slopes and is a habitat for valuable taiga
animals (especially sable) that feed on its seeds.
Seed cost cedar dwarf - 200 rubles / 15 pieces, 400 rubles / 40 pieces
Spiny Pine Seeds (pinus aristata)
spiny pine or Bristol - Pinus aristata - bristlecone pine - thrives for ages on the slopes of the dry and barren highlands of the Great Basin, stretching from Colorado to California, USA. The conditions in which they grow are, to put it mildly, unfriendly, but the bristlecone pines do not grumble, silently adapting to the tests of the environment. Their exquisite beauty was known to a few, their age was not known to anyone ... until 1953.
A very beautiful type of pine in culture, but dead needles continue to remain on the tree for a long time and spoil its appearance, so it is recommended to remove it manually. Pine aristata looks good in rock gardens or as a bonsai.
Initially, the spinous pine has a shrub form. For a year, its growth is up to 10 cm. The needles are 2-4 cm long and are densely covered with white drops of resin, which can last for about 5 years. Very undemanding to the soil, can grow on dry calcareous and acidic soils, drought and drought-resistant, prefers sunny places.
Standing out for its openwork and decorative form, it is an undoubted decoration of small household plots, rocky and Japanese gardens.
Bonsai masters use the natural qualities of spina pine: xylem dieback, dramatically twisted trunks. Because of this, they are born unusual paintings fight.
The cost of pine seeds - 100 rubles / 5 pieces, 200 rubles / 15 pieces
Flexilis pine seeds (flexible pine)
Flexible pine - pinus flexilis- occupies large areas in high mountainous regions North America, where it is the only tree capable of growing in such difficult conditions. Its range also extends into the prairie zone. As a rule, flexible pine lives for several hundred years, but its height never exceeds twelve meters. It got its name thanks to its short but very flexible branches.
Its large wingless, highly nutritious seeds, the so-called "nuts", serve as food for rodents and birds.
At home, this type of pine is planted in avalanche areas to reduce the threat of snow falls.
FEATURES OF THE VIEW
The species is distinguished by a short, thick trunk, a pyramidal crown, short, curved, drooping branches. Young shoots are yellow-green, glabrous or pubescent, curved.
Cultivated since 1851. A very beautiful, spectacular tree, both in a single planting and in combination with deciduous and coniferous species.
The shape of the needles - The needles are collected in bunches of 5 pieces and are located at the ends of the shoots. It is tightly compressed and directed forward, sharp, rigid, straight, up to 7 cm long, has stomatal stripes on both sides, due to which the overall color of the needles is bluish-green, it functions for 5-6 years.
Cost of pine seeds Flexilis - 490 rubles / 5 pieces, 800 rubles / 10 pieces
Pine seeds Parviflora (small-flowered pine)
Pine Parviflora or white Japanese (white japan pine) in Japan, this type of pine is a symbol of longevity and a symbol of the beginning of the year. It is believed that on New Year the spirits of ancestors stop in the crowns of these trees.
The diameter of the chron is up to 3.5 m, the height of an adult tree is up to 5 m, the shape of the crown is flat-pyramidal.
The needles are 5 in a bunch, strongly bent, twisted, bluish-green, collected in brushes at the ends of the shoots.
Cones are long, numerous, up to 7 years kept on the branches.
Prefers sunny places. Soil and moisture requirements are low.
One Chinese legend claims that the emperor of the Hanshui dynasty in the inner garden of his palace recreated a small copy of his empire, something like a children's railway with bridges and cities. He did it on his own and very meticulously, exactly repeating all the hills, rivers, lakes and trees. So for the first time dwarf trees appeared.
The art of bonsai came to Japan only in the 6th century AD. along with Buddhism. Here it was further developed and it was from here that it began its triumphal procession around the world. In our country, the first bonsai appeared in 1976. A gift from the Japanese Embassy accepted Botanical Garden Russian Academy of Sciences. Pinus Parviflora is a slow growing tree with an irregular crown. At the age of 30 reaches 4-6 m high. The needles are blue-green, thin, twisted, rather stiff, collected 5 in a bunch. characteristic feature are cones that appear early and remain on the tree for a very long time. Soil and moisture requirements are very low.
Cost of Parviflora pine seeds - 250 rubles / 5 pieces, 500 rubles / 15 pieces, 800 rubles / 30 pieces
Pine seeds Palustris (marsh pine, long-coniferous)
Marsh pine - pinus palustris - Longleaf Pine - a tree up to 47 m in height, the trunk of which reaches 1.2 m in diameter, with a rounded crown. The bark is reddish-brown, scaly-furrowed. Young branches are orange-brown, then darkening.
Buds are silvery-white, ovoid, up to 4 cm.
The needles are preserved for 2 years. Needles collected in bunches, usually 3, less often 2, long, up to 45 cm long, straight, various shades of yellow-green; the edges of the needles are finely serrated.
Male strobili are cylindrical, about 5 cm long, lilac in color. Female strobili biennial, immature - lanceolate, then opening and becoming narrowly ovoid, dark brown, 15-25 cm long. The scales are rigid, with a short-pointed apex.
Seeds obtuse-obovate, about 10 mm, light brown, with a wing up to 4 cm.
Palustris Pine Seed Cost - 400 rubles / 5 pieces, 600 rubles / 10 pieces, 990 rubles / 20 pieces
Resinosa Pine Seeds (Pine Pine or Red Pine)
Resinous pine, red pine, Norwegian pine (Pinus resinosa) - a tree up to 20-30 m high, in cultivation it is usually much smaller, with a strongly branching wide crown and a straight, even trunk, which in a dense forest stand is cleared of branches to a considerable height. Young shoots 4-5 mm thick, brown or yellowish, glabrous, not shiny. Kidneys 12-15 cm long, 5-7 mm wide, ovate-conical, long pointed, red-brown, resinous. Needles in bunches of 2, flattened, 15-20 cm long., With slightly curved edges.
Resinous pine is almost not damaged by frost. Winter hardiness is high.
An unpretentious coniferous plant in cultivation. The use of fertilizers has a positive effect on the growth rate and resistance of pine to diseases and pests. Possible decorative pruning to form a crown. In the Vnukovo nursery, it is grown on heavy soils and shows good growing results. It grows normally both in sunny places and in partial shade. It is used both for single plantings in plots and as part of an evergreen element in landscape compositions or in screen plantings.
Cost of Resinosa pine seeds - 200 rubles / 10 pieces, 300 rubles / 25 pieces
Banksiana Pine Seeds (Banks Pine)
It grows in the east of North America, one of the main forest-forming species in northern Canada.
Tree up to 25 m tall, often with a trunk branched from the base; with a compact, sparse, oval crown, broadly spreading in old trees. The bark is red-brown, divided into thick, scaly plates. Shoots first greenish, then brown. The whorl characteristic of other pines is not pronounced. Strongly curved and twisted, light green needles, 2-4 cm long, remain on the shoots for 3-5 years. Cones are oblique and curved, sessile, conical, up to 4.5 cm, kept on the tree, remaining closed for several years. In youth it grows rapidly, after 30 years it grows slowly. In terms of growth rate, it surpasses Scotch pine.
Banks pine is frost-resistant, drought-resistant, undemanding to soil conditions, tolerates even slight salinity, and is slightly damaged by pests and diseases. Decorative bright green crown. Fragrant resin, often appearing on shoots, makes it especially desirable in plantings near sanatoriums, rest homes, where it looks spectacular in group plantings. It tolerates transplantation even with relatively large plants.
Form: a tree often with a trunk branched from the base; with a compact, sparse, oval crown, broadly spreading in old trees. Needles: strongly curved and twisted, light green, 4-6 cm long, stored on shoots for 4-5 years.
Cones: oblique and curved, sessile, conical, up to 4.5 cm, held on the tree, remaining closed for several years.
Banksiana Pine Seed Cost - 200 rubles / 15 pieces, 400 rubles / 40 pieces
Seeds of a pine of Contorta murrayana
Grows in Sev. America (southwest Canada; USA: along the Pacific coast from southern Alaska to Cape Mendocino in California). Tree usually up to 10 m high, often bushy, especially in open places, with a spherical crown and short branches. At an older age, it grows in width. The bark is thin, smooth, exfoliates in thin scales, dark red-brown. Young shoots 3-5 mm thick, brownish-green or purple-dark brown, glabrous. Kidneys up to 12 mm long., 3-4 mm wide., ovoid, resinous, with appressed broadly lanceolate dark brown scales with rare light fringes along the edges. Needles in bunches of 2, flattened, strongly twisted, 3.5-7 cm long. 1-1.5 (-2) mm wide, green, needles last more than 3 (up to 5-9) years, almost like those of spruce and fir. Cones are lateral, sessile, oblong-ovate, very oblique and asymmetrical, 3-6 cm long, up to 3 cm thick, remain closed on the tree for a long time. Seeds 4-5 mm long.
Pinus pine is grown because of its high growth rate and its root system adapted to clay soil.
Cost of murray lodgepole pine seeds - 200 rubles / 10 pieces, 300 rubles / 20 pieces
Nigra pine seeds (black pine, Austrian pine, mountain black pine)
Black pine (Pinus nigra) as a wild crop is found in the mountains of Europe. Most often grows in mountainous areas up to an altitude of 1500 m above sea level, where it prefers calcareous soils and southern slopes. Since it is often found in the wild in the mountains, many gardeners refer to this species as mountain black pine. The crown of young trees is pyramidal, but becomes umbrella-shaped with age. The trunk is straight with black-gray deeply furrowed bark.
The length of the needles is 12-15 cm, it has a rich dark green color, there are 2 needles in a bundle, hard, with a sharp tip, straight or slightly bent, sometimes twisted. Shiny, yellow-brown cones are located horizontally on pine branches, have a short petiole.
Pine black - quite promising softwood for urban growing conditions, moreover, it has good decorative properties.
Due to its dense needles and dark trunk, black pine creates dark plantations. Shows good growth on most types of soil. He loves light, but tolerates shading better than other types of pines. Wind resistant.
Pine trees have long been used in ornamental gardening, where they are valued for nice shape crowns, the unique charm of slender, bright trunks, the variety of shapes and colors of needles and cones. Usually they go to create arrays in forest parks. Pine trees form the structural basis of the garden, serve as its skeletal plants.
The cost of black pine seeds - 200 rubles / 10 pieces, 400 rubles / 25 pieces, 700 rubles / 40 pieces
Lebanese Cedar Seeds (Cedrus libani)
The Lebanese cedar is an evergreen coniferous tree, up to 40-50 m in height, and up to 20 m in circumference. Lives up to 2000 years. In the wild, it is quite rare, high in the mountains of Anatolia and the Lebanese mountains, which is why it got its name.
The Lebanese cedar is prized for its durability. Red wood is strong and light, practically not affected by pests, and is an excellent material for building ships, which is why in ancient times the Phoenicians were the main export product to Egypt and European countries.
The Khvoyaliva cedar changes every two years, has a tetrahedral shape, usually green or gray-green in color. According to the content of useful substances, it is somewhat inferior to Siberian. But like any coniferous plant, it has a high phytoncidity, disinfects the air, helps with colds effectively treats various skin lesions. The resin of the Lebanese cedar was highly valued in Egypt, as it was used for mummification. They mined it in quite large quantities, inflicting notches on the tree, which practically exterminated this type of cedar. From the resin of the Lebanese cedar, aromatic mixtures were made, which were used to fumigate rooms and during various rituals.
Seed cost Lebanese cedar(cedrus libani) - 250 rubles / 10 pieces
Himalayan cedar seeds (Cedrus deodara)
Himalayan cedar is a large tree in nature, 50-60 m high with a trunk diameter of 3 m. Cultivars in southern Poland and Germany reach 12-18 m with a crown width of 6-8 m. This is a powerful plant with a wide cone-shaped crown, a characteristic blunt top, hanging apical shoots and ends of branches. Usually they do not form crowns in the form of flat tiers, like the Lebanese cedar. The bark is dark brown to gray, cut into tiles, in young age smooth, dark green. Young shoots are short, dull, thin, hanging at the ends, pubescent, reddish. In old age, the top of the crown becomes dull, the main branches take on a horizontal position, and the crown becomes spreading.
The needles on elongated shoots are located spirally, singly, long (2.5-5 cm), on shortened shoots are collected in bunches of 10-20 pieces, soft, thin, sharp. The needles are shiny, light gray-green, bluish-green or silver-gray with a bluish tint, pointed, but not prickly, obtusely triangular in cross section, the thickness is equal to the width.
Cones are solitary, rarely two together, barrel-shaped, ovate-elongated, oblong located at the top of the crown, facing upwards, not depressed, with a rounded top, 7-13 cm long and 5-7 cm wide. At first, the cones are bluish, later after 1, 5 years after ripening, the seeds are dark red-brown, sitting on short stalks. One of the leading decorative park breeds in the Crimea. There is experience of cultivation since the middle of the last century. Beautiful with mighty growth, especially old trees, dressed with lush branches to the ground, with a wide, as if open, crown. Each old tree is individual, within one species array it is not like the others. This is the special attraction of the Himalayan cedar. It is used in arrays, in groups and singly, as well as in alleys. It tolerates a haircut well, in youth it is possible to create original hedges.
Seeds contain fatty acids and proteins, minerals and vitamins. Almost 70% of the amino acids contained in the cedar kernels are indispensable and are of great nutritional value for humans. Thanks to their extraordinary healing properties, cedars have been surrounded by legends since ancient times. The temple of King Solomon was built from Lebanese, some sources claim that there was a cloud of special light energy visible to everyone. The druids worshiped the cedar as a conduit of divine energy.Now is under protection and is considered a national treasure of Lebanon.
Cost of Himalayan cedar (cedrus deodara) seeds - 200 rubles / 10 pieces
Cedar seeds of the Atlas or Atlantic (Cedrus atlantica)
Tree up to 40 m tall, with a loose, pyramidal crown, hard bluish-green, needles collected in bunches on short shoots and cylindrical or ovoid, dense, shiny, light brown cones, ripening in the third year. It differs from the Lebanese cedar in the structure of the crown, shorter needles and smaller cones. In youth it grows faster, in spring it starts growing late and is more drought-resistant. Quite frost-resistant, very photophilous, dust-, smoke- and gas-resistant. It does not tolerate the presence of lime in the soil. Suffering from excessive moisture.
Atlas cedar is one of the most important tree species for park construction on the Black Sea coast of Russia. The main type is widely used to create groups, arrays, alley and single plantings, decorative forms are used in single and loose group plantings. In culture since 1842.
Cost of Atlas Cedar (cedrus atlantica) seeds - 200 rubles / 5 pieces
